深圳大学学报理工版

李成印,牛之慧,雷翔宇,等.磷烯的制备、性质及应用研究进展[J].深圳大学学报理工版,2018,35(No.3(221-330)):234-256.[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1249.2018.03234]
LI Chengyin,NIU Zhihui,LEI Xiangyu,et al.Research progress of the preparation, properties and application of phosphorene[J].Journal of Shenzhen University Science and Engineering,2018,35(No.3(221-330)):234-256.[doi:10.3724/SP.J.1249.2018.03234]

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磷烯的制备、性质及应用研究进展

李成印¹,牛之慧¹,雷翔宇¹,周艳¹,张晗²,朱熹¹

1)香港中文大学(深圳)理工学院,深圳 518172; 2)深圳大学-新加坡国立大学光电科技协同创新中心,深圳 518060

关键词：二维材料; 磷烯; 液相剥离; 光电性质; 光电器件; 医学应用

Research progress of the preparation, properties and application of phosphorene

LI Chengyin¹, NIU Zhihui¹, LEI Xiangyu¹, ZHOU Yan¹, ZHANG Han², and ZHU Xi¹

1)School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518172, Guangdong Province, P.R.China2)SZU-NUS Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518060, Guangdong Province, P.R.China

Keywords： two-dimensional material; phosphorene; liquid-phase exfoliation; optoelectronic property; optoelectro-nic device; medical application

DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1249.2018.03234

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参考文献

磷烯是继石墨烯和二硫化钼之后一种新型二维材料,具有优异的物理、化学和机械性能,在各类器件中具有很大应用潜力.本文评述磷烯的制备、电子能带结构、光电特性、改性方法及其器件应用.介绍了块体黑磷和磷烯的制备方法,及其物化特性,讨论了磷烯的修饰改性方法,阐述了磷烯在光电转换及医学领域的应用.

Phosphorene is a novel two-dimensional material that is more advanced than graphene and molybdenum disulfide. This material possesses excellent physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, which has great potential applications in a variety of electronic devices. This paper reviews the synthetic methods, electronic energy band structures, optoelectronic properties, modification methods, and device applications of phosphorene. We introduce the preparation strategies of phosphorene including the synthesis of bulk black phosphorus and phosphorene, followed by a summary of its physicochemical properties, and discuss the modification methods of phosphorene. Finally, we present the applications of phosphorene in optoelectronics conversion and medical field in detail.

引言
1 制备
2 黑磷的性质
3 光电应用
4 其他应用
5 结语

图1 黑磷的制备<br/>Fig.1 The preparation of black phosphorus

图1 黑磷的制备
Fig.1 The preparation of black phosphorus

图2 单层及少层磷烯的形貌表征及带隙与层数的关系<br/>Fig.2 Material characterizations of single-layer and few-layer phosphorene and the corresponding energy gap

图2 单层及少层磷烯的形貌表征及带隙与层数的关系
Fig.2 Material characterizations of single-layer and few-layer phosphorene and the corresponding energy gap

图3 NMP中碱性条件下液相剥离辅助制备少层黑磷[40]<br/>Fig.3 Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of basic-NMP-exfoliated phosphorene[40]

图3 NMP中碱性条件下液相剥离辅助制备少层黑磷[40]
Fig.3 Schematic illustration of the fabrication process of basic-NMP-exfoliated phosphorene[40]

图4 水相中少层磷烯纳米片的制备[39]<br/>Fig.4 The preparation of few-layer phosphorene(FL-P)nanosheets in aqueous condition[39]

图4 水相中少层磷烯纳米片的制备[39]
Fig.4 The preparation of few-layer phosphorene(FL-P)nanosheets in aqueous condition[39]

图5 黑磷量子点的形貌表征[41]<br/>Fig.5 Morphological characterization of BPQDs[41]

图5 黑磷量子点的形貌表征[41]
Fig.5 Morphological characterization of BPQDs[41]

图6 NMP中溶剂热法制备黑磷量子点[42]<br/>Fig.6 Schematic representation of the synthesis process to prepare BPQDs by using a solvothermal method in NMP[42]

图6 NMP中溶剂热法制备黑磷量子点[42]
Fig.6 Schematic representation of the synthesis process to prepare BPQDs by using a solvothermal method in NMP[42]

图7 包覆处理用于抑制磷烯的氧化<br/>Fig.7 Encapsulation of phosphorene for protection against oxidation[59, 62- 63]

图7 包覆处理用于抑制磷烯的氧化
Fig.7 Encapsulation of phosphorene for protection against oxidation[59, 62- 63]

图8 磷烯的能带结构<br/>Fig.8 Band structure of phosphorene

图8 磷烯的能带结构
Fig.8 Band structure of phosphorene

表1 少层磷烯和块体黑磷的带隙能量<br/>Table 1 The bandgap of few-layer phosphorene

表1 少层磷烯和块体黑磷的带隙能量
Table 1 The bandgap of few-layer phosphorene

图9 少层黑磷的能带结构及可调Eg特性[78]<br/>Fig.9 Band structure and tunable Eg of few-layer BP[78]

图9 少层黑磷的能带结构及可调Eg特性[78]
Fig.9 Band structure and tunable Eg of few-layer BP[78]

图10 剥离所得少层磷烯的化学钝化处理,及用AFM进行形貌表征[88]<br/>Fig.10 Chemical passivation of black phosphorus, and AFM characterization of BP morphology before and after ambient exposure[88]

图10 剥离所得少层磷烯的化学钝化处理,及用AFM进行形貌表征[88]
Fig.10 Chemical passivation of black phosphorus, and AFM characterization of BP morphology before and after ambient exposure[88]

图11 湿空气环境下TiL4@BP的制备及表征[89]<br/>Fig.11 Fabrication and characterization of TiL4@BP when exposed to humid air[89]

图11 湿空气环境下TiL4@BP的制备及表征[89]
Fig.11 Fabrication and characterization of TiL4@BP when exposed to humid air[89]

图12 构成黑磷的磷烯原子结构模型(侧视)<br/>Fig.12 Side view of black phosphorus crystal

图12 构成黑磷的磷烯原子结构模型(侧视)
Fig.12 Side view of black phosphorus crystal

图13 全光阈值实验结果[105]<br/>Fig.13 Experimental results of all-optical thresholding[105]

图13 全光阈值实验结果[105]
Fig.13 Experimental results of all-optical thresholding[105]

图14 CW位于1 511 nm中心波长时全光调制实验结果[105]<br/>Fig.14 Experimental results of all-optical modulation for CW centered at 1 511 nm[105]

图14 CW位于1 511 nm中心波长时全光调制实验结果[105]
Fig.14 Experimental results of all-optical modulation for CW centered at 1 511 nm[105]

图15 少层磷烯的饱和吸收示意图[106]<br/>Fig.15 The schematic diagram of the saturable absorption in multi-layer BP NPs[106]

图15 少层磷烯的饱和吸收示意图[106]
Fig.15 The schematic diagram of the saturable absorption in multi-layer BP NPs[106]

图16 黑磷量子点形貌结构及其用于太阳能电池光电阴极的性能[107]<br/>Fig.16 Structure and characterization of BPQDs[107]

图16 黑磷量子点形貌结构及其用于太阳能电池光电阴极的性能[107]
Fig.16 Structure and characterization of BPQDs[107]

图17 基于黑砷磷场效应的中红外光电探测器件及其光电响应曲线[108]<br/>Fig.17 MIR photovoltaic detector based on b-AsP and the performance of b-AsP photodetectors in MIR range at room temperature[108]

图17 基于黑砷磷场效应的中红外光电探测器件及其光电响应曲线[108]
Fig.17 MIR photovoltaic detector based on b-AsP and the performance of b-AsP photodetectors in MIR range at room temperature[108]